Over the past few decades, researchers, educators, and policymakers have agreed upon the importance of fostering students’ higher-order thinking (HOT) in mathematics, which has led to reforming mathematics curriculum, instruction, assessments, and teacher training (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2000; National Governors Association Center for Best Practices & Council of Chief State School Officers, 2010). Developing higher-order thinking is essential for students’ success in learning mathematics. Math For All employs a neurodevelopmental framework (NDF) to analyze the cognitive demands of mathematical tasks. This framework identifies eight key areas of cognition that can come into play when learning: language, sequential ordering, spatial ordering, motor functions, psychosocial functions, attention, memory, and higher-order thinking.